Diseases we immunise against in New Zealand
Diphtheria: A serious bacterial infection affecting the throat, causing a membrane that can obstruct breathing and producing toxins damaging the heart and nerves. The death rate is around 10%. It is rare in New Zealand and typically occurs through travel.
Tetanus: Caused by a toxin from bacteria found in soil and animal feces, it enters through wounds. Unimmunized individuals are at risk, with symptoms including muscle rigidity and spasms. The death rate is about 10%.
Whooping Cough (Pertussis): A highly contagious bacterial infection causing severe coughing spells, often lasting up to three months. Infants are particularly vulnerable, with a hospitalization rate of 70% among those under six months.
Polio: An intestinal disease caused by poliovirus, which can lead to meningitis and paralysis. Though largely eradicated in New Zealand, it remains a risk from overseas.
Hepatitis B: A liver infection transmitted through blood and body fluids, potentially leading to chronic illness, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. It can be asymptomatic in many cases.
Hib Disease: Caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, it primarily affects infants and young children, causing severe throat infections and meningitis. Cases are rare in New Zealand due to vaccination.
Pneumococcal Disease: Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, it leads to pneumonia and other serious infections. Children under two and the elderly are at higher risk for severe outcomes.
Measles: A highly infectious viral disease presenting with fever, runny nose, and a rash. Complications can include pneumonia and brain inflammation, with periodic outbreaks in New Zealand.
Mumps: A viral infection leading to swelling of salivary glands, with serious complications such as viral meningitis and deafness more common in adults.
Rubella: Generally mild in children, but can cause severe congenital defects in babies if the mother contracts it during pregnancy.
Meningococcal Disease: Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, it can lead to pneumonia, meningitis, and blood infections. Early symptoms can mimic influenza.
Rotavirus: An intestinal virus causing severe diarrhea and vomiting, particularly in young children. It was a leading cause of gastroenteritis before the vaccine was introduced.
Chickenpox: A contagious viral disease characterized by fever and a blistering rash. While usually mild, it can lead to serious complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals and newborns.
Immunisation is crucial for the prevention of many of these diseases.